Ndị na-emepụta wafer China, ndị na-ebubata ihe, ụlọ ọrụ
Kedu ihe bụ semiconductor wafer?
Semiconductor wafer bụ ihe dị gịrịgịrị, gburugburu nke ihe semiconductor nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ntọala maka imepụta sekit agbakwunyere (ICs) na ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị ndị ọzọ. Wafer na-enye elu dị larịị na nke edo edo nke a na-ewu ihe elektrọnik dị iche iche.
Usoro nrụpụta wafer na-agụnye usoro dị iche iche, gụnyere itolite otu nnukwu kristal nke ihe semiconductor a chọrọ, na-egbutu kristal n'ime wafer dị mkpa site na iji igwe diamond, wee ihicha na ihicha wafers iji wepụ ntụpọ elu ma ọ bụ adịghị ọcha ọ bụla. Wafers ndị a na-esi na ya pụta nwere elu dị larịị ma dị mma, nke dị oké mkpa maka usoro mmepụta ihe na-esote.
Ozugbo a kwadebere wafers, ha na-enweta usoro nhazi nke semiconductor, dị ka fotolithography, etching, deposition, na doping, iji mepụta usoro mgbagwoju anya na ọkwa dị iche iche achọrọ iji wuo ihe eletrik. A na-emegharị usoro ndị a ugboro ugboro na otu wafer iji mepụta ọtụtụ sekit agbakwunyere ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ.
Ka emechara usoro nrụpụta ahụ, a na-ekewa ibe nke ọ bụla site na ịkụnye wafer ahụ n'ahịrị ndị eburu ụzọ kọwaa. A na-achịkọtakwa ibe ndị ahụ kewapụrụ iche iji chebe ha wee nye njikọ eletrik maka ntinye n'ime ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị.
Ihe dị iche iche na wafer
Semiconductor wafers bụ nke sitere na silicon otu-kristal n'ihi ụbara ya, akụrụngwa eletrik mara mma yana ndakọrịta na usoro nrụpụta semiconductor ọkọlọtọ. Otú ọ dị, dabere na ngwa na ihe ndị a chọrọ, a pụkwara iji ihe ndị ọzọ mee wafers. Nke a bụ ọmụmaatụ ụfọdụ:
Silicon carbide (SiC) bụ ihe dị obosara bandgap semiconductor ihe na-enye akụrụngwa anụ ahụ dị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ọdịnala. Ọ na-enyere aka belata nha na ịdị arọ nke ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche, modul, na ọbụna sistemu dum, ebe ọ na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ.
Njirimara ndị bụ isi nke SiC:
- -Akụkụ sara mbara:Bandgap SiC dị ihe dị ka okpukpu atọ karịa nke silicon, na-enye ya ohere ịrụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu, ruo 400 Celsius.
- - Ogige ndakpọ dị oke egwu:SiC nwere ike idi ihe ruru okpukpu iri nke igwe eletriki silicon, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ngwaọrụ voltaji dị elu.
- -Nrụpụta ọkụ dị elu:SiC na-ekpochapụ ọkụ nke ọma, na-enyere ngwaọrụ aka ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ kachasị mma ma na-agbatị ndụ ha.
- -Elu Saturation Electron Drift Velocity:Site na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa silicon okpukpu abụọ, SiC na-enyere aka mgbanwe mgbanwe dị elu, na-enyere aka na miniaturization ngwaọrụ.
Ngwa:
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- Igwe ọkụ eletrik:Ngwa ike SiC na-eme nke ọma na nnukwu voltaji, nke dị ugbu a, okpomọkụ dị elu, na gburugburu ebe dị elu, na-eme ka arụmọrụ ntụgharị ike dịkwuo elu. A na-eji ha eme ihe n'ụgbọ ala eletrik, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, sistemụ fotovoltaic, ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na grids smart.
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-Mkwukọrịta Microwave:Ngwa GaN RF dabere na SiC dị oke mkpa maka akụrụngwa nkwukọrịta ikuku, ọkachasị maka ọdụ ọdụ 5G. Ngwaọrụ ndị a na-ejikọta arụmọrụ ọkụ dị mma nke SiC na mmepụta RF dị elu nke GaN, na-eme ka ha bụrụ nhọrọ kachasị mma maka netwọk telecom na-esote ọgbọ dị elu.
Gallium nitride (GaN)bụ ọgbọ nke atọ obosara bandgap semiconductor ihe nwere nnukwu bandgap, elu thermal conductivity, elu eletrọn saturation drift ọsọ ọsọ, na ọmarịcha njiri mara ubi. Ngwa GaN nwere atụmanya ngwa sara mbara na mpaghara dị elu, ọsọ dị elu, yana ike dị elu dị ka ọkụ ọkụ na-echekwa ike LED, ihe ngosi laser, ụgbọ ala eletrik, grids smart, na nkwukọrịta 5G.
Gallium arsenide (GaAs)bụ ihe semiconductor mara maka elu ugboro ya, nnukwu mmegharị eletrọn, mmepụta ike dị elu, mkpọtụ dị ala, na ezi linearity. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na optoelectronics na microelectronics. Na optoelectronics, a na-eji ihe ndị GaAs emepụta LED (diodes ọkụ ọkụ), LD (diodes laser), na ngwaọrụ fotovoltaic. Na microelectronics, ha na-arụ ọrụ na mmepụta nke MESFETs (metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors), HEMTs (high electron mobility transistors), HBTs (heterojunction bipolar transistors), ICs (integrated circuits), microwave diodes, na Ụlọ ihe mmetụta ngwaọrụ.
Indium phosphide (InP)bụ otu n'ime ihe dị mkpa nke III-V compound semiconductor, mara maka oke eletrọn ya, nguzogide radieshon mara mma, na bandgap sara mbara. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na optoelectronics na microelectronics.
